Yes, misinformation, disinformation and fake news might sound like the same thing, just in a different font. But when you take a closer look, you will find that there are distinct differences that cannot be ignored.

And, as journalists best well know,  accuracy is always key. So, here's a quick run-down on each term to make sure you never mix them up:

  • Misinformation is false or misleading information shared without the intent to deceive. An example of this would be the many unverified health claims that circulated widely during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to public confusion and panic. 

  • Disinformation, in contrast, is deliberate falsified information spread with the intent to deceive. For instance, the spread of misleading election-related content on platforms like X, where individuals intentionally disseminated false information to influence public opinion and electoral outcomes.

  • Fake news is a broader term encompassing both misinformation and disinformation, often used to describe sensationalised or fabricated stories presented as legitimate news. The Tembisa 10 saga, where a fabricated story about a woman giving birth to decuplets was published, serves as a reminder of the dangers of unchecked reporting.

Today, AI has made it easier than ever to falsify information. For journalists, understanding these distinctions and ensuring proper research is done, is vital. Utilising fact-checking tools, collaborating with organisations like Africa Check and maintaining a commitment to accuracy can help mitigate the spread of false information.

Pro tip: Be aware of the emotional tone and biases in news stories when doing research, as it often points to potential misinformation or disinformation.

 

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 If you want to learn more about misinformation, read Why Media Literacy Is a Must-Have Skill In 2025 [Infographic].

*Image courtesy of Canva